One of the most efficient lighting technologies is based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Common LED drivers with AC-input (50-60Hz) usually require a bulk electrolytic capacitor to decrease low-frequency ripple in the output. However, the critical element that limits the lifespan of the LED driver is the electrolytic capacitor. An isolated Off-line LED driver is proposed in this paper, in which the required output capacitance is reduced so that the electrolytic capacitor can be omitted from the driver structure. The driver’ s configuration and controlling method provide a high input power factor. Just a single switch and therefore a single controlling IC have been used in the proposed structure. The input power factor correction is implemented utilizing a boost-based method, and a novel structure is introduced for dc/dc conversion section. Power factor correction and dc/dc conversion are performed employing a simplistic and single controlling system. The output current feeding the LEDs is a high frequency pulsating current. Calculations, simulations and experimental waveforms of a laboratory prototype are presented to confirm the validity of the proposed driver.

This study introduces a biosensor employing a dielectric-modulated dual material gate tunnel field effect transistor (DM-DMG TFET) in 10 nanometer technology. To detect diverse bio molecules, the biosensor incorporates a nano gap cavity formed through gate overlap on the drain side. The variation in ambipolar current serves as the sensing parameter, influenced by altering the dielectric constants of immobilized bio molecules within the nano cavity. In this paper, the simulation results of biosensor employing a dielectric-modulated dual material gate tunnel field effect transistor with different dielectric constants imposed in nano cavity. A comprehensive examination of the biosensor's performance is conducted, exploring various positions and filling factors of bio molecules within the nano cavity region. This analysis involves a thorough investigation into the device's performance, considering a range of parameters such as drain current, electric field distribution, variations in surface potential, configurations of energy bands, behaviors of carrier concentration, and the Ion/IOff ratio. The simulations are done using the Silvaco TCAD Atlas tool.

Background: The threshold of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in current screening for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) from the heel prick test is 5mU/l. This study uses cost-effective analysis to evaluate increasing the threshold to minimize false-positive results and recall rates.Methods: Cost of screening, diagnosis and treatment, education, and care of mentally retarded patients were gathered from the Ministry of Health State Welfare Organization and Department of Education in Tehran. Screening data were obtained from 34, 007 neonates in the Central Health Laboratory of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2009. Sensitivity analysis and calculation of confidence interval for incremental costs and effects (gained disability adjusted life years-DALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) were performed by Monte Carlo simulation with Ersatz software.Results: ICER for screening programs with different TSH cut-Off points versus no screening was similar, and approximately -4.5±0.2 thousand US dollars per gained DALY. In the proposed cohort (10, 000 neonates), gained DALYs were 316±50 for a cutOff point of 5 mU/l, 251±40 for 10 mU/l, 146±23 for 15 mU/l, and 113±18 for a cut-Off point of 20 mU/l. Sensitivity analysis showed that the model remained the same when the input parameters were changed.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the current threshold of TSH in the national CH screening program in terms of cost-effectiveness is the most appropriate threshold. However, more studies are needed to examine new strategies and methods to reduce recall rates and related consequences such as repeated thyroid testing in neonates.